Thursday, 10 December 2015

How do people cope up when they are oppressed?



When a tragedy like floods strikes how do people react to it?

Recently in the beginning of December, heavy rains descended on Chennai and the city went under the water. The deluge brought in its wake immense suffering and tragedies and loss. Cars and two-wheelers were either submerged or marooned. Water came up to the level of ceiling fans in the ground floor. Huts and makeshift houses of the poor built along the river banks were washed away, along with whatever belongings they had. Some elderly and some youngsters even died in the rising waters as they could not get out of their houses. So how do people react or cope up with such dire situations?

We learn from Chennai example that the milk of human kindness poured in abundant measure. Provisions and goods were rushed to the affected city from all over the country. Young volunteers at the risk of their lives tried to reach the unreachable areas to bring succor to the affected and isolated. Any and every one of worth was involved in relief operations. Hope in humanity shone like a star, bright amidst the gloom.

What happens when oppression is not due to the fury of nature, but from one’s own government? Where do people turn, when the fence that is supposed to safe guard them, becomes the predator? How do they cope with such situations? Where can they go? What can they do?

People in China faced such a dilemma, when Chairman Mao let loose the “Great Leap Forward” on them, with the ignoble goal of catching up with the West in 15 years. What was the hurry that the country should be developed within 15 years? Why not 30 years? Hasn’t China developed now? But it was a prestige issue.

Mao wanted to build a China, which would rule the world in technology and military power, all to be achieved within 15 years. May be he wanted to see such a China before his death. Was that the reason for urgency? The result of such megalomaniac ambitions was 45 million Chinese people died out of famine and other measures resulting from the Great Leap Forward, from 1958 to 1962, in just four years.

People became the pawns in the game. They were forced to work in steel factories, on dams and conservatories and on paddy and wheat fields; they were forced to work during the night also by the light of lanterns, torches and pressure lamps; private property was abolished; people had to eat in great communes and common kitchen; mud houses were demolished and used as manure for the land; pots and pans and agricultural implements were fed into country side furnaces to produce steel; people were forced to eat only vegetables as a sacrifice and a sparse diet was dished out to them; children were separated even while young, so that mothers could work. Family fell apart and life as they knew for centuries disappeared.

Nation was asked to pay a great price for development. Mao famously said, “Revolution is not a dinner party.”[1] People got a taste of it soon. Anyone who was foolish enough to oppose these moves or argue for his rights was punished by withholding the day’s food rations. That became the punishing rod in the hand so the party cadre. Soon flogging and beatings became regular in the communes; the higher ups when they came to know of it, encouraged them to use force to being people to their knees. Corruption became rampant. Targets to be achieved ruled the day.

The harvest was gathered and sent to Russia and other East European countries in exchange of technology and machinery. People who produced the grains were left to starve. All the same the party cadres, higher officials and Mao himself rolled in luxury. Provisions went to the party rulers first, then to the city folks and then for export. Villagers were left to fend themselves. Famine stared at their face, a man-made disaster.

How did people cope up with such a situation? Dikotter, who graphically describes the macabre situation in his book, says thus: “As famine spread, the very survival of an ordinary person came increasingly to depend on the ability to lie, charm, hide, steal, cheat, pilfer, forage, smuggle, manipulate or otherwise outwit the state.” And that is what they did.

When nothing could save them from hunger, they fell to eating the bark of the trees, cooking the leaves, even leather from old furniture, and mud. Still they died like fleas all over the country side. A few even dug the dead, cooked and ate their decaying flesh and organs.

Birth rate plummeted; women stopped menstruating due to heavy work and scanty food; children developed swollen bellies, indicator of undernourishment. Children, the sick and the elderly were considered as idlers and were abused. They were deprived of their dignity in life and in death. 

At the height of such tragedy, there was no human milk of kindness flowing for Chinese people. Mao advocated people to eat less and famously said, “When there is not much to eat people starve to death. It is better to let half of the people die so that the other half can eat their fill.” Is this the response from a responsible leader in the face of a national calamity? But we forget we are dealing with die-hard communists.

Not that the leaders suffered. Mao lived in opulence near the Forbidden City; his bedroom was the size of a ballroom. He enjoyed his daily swim in his private pool. He had the privilege of chefs and attendants all around at his beck and call. Chicken, egg, meat and vegetables came to his table from dedicated farms. Others down the line tried to copy his style of living, but the poor peasants and the factory workers went without even the basic requirements.

Was not Communism about proletariat and the workers? Then how come they are the ones who were ploughed in Mao’s communist China? Who is to ask him and face his wrath and end up dead or in the gulag? All checks on violence, namely religion, laws, family and community, were all broken and discarded. People became the means to achieve the ends laid down by their political masters. They died for their own good, they were told.

Opposition to Mao’s leadership became loud and the Great Leap Forward was discarded by 1962. A leader had to consolidate his power and position to survive. That is what Mao did. He launched the “Cultural Revolution” in 1966, which will exterminate all those who opposed him during the Great Leap.  When he died in 1976, with him also died the hysteria to develop China at the cost of its poor and rural people.

Hitler plunged the world into chaos for his ambition; Pol Pot copied Mao and wanted to develop Cambodia within 5 years; Stalin ruled Russia with iron fists. When such leaders come to power world witnesses untold suffering for the masses, whom they swear to serve. The watchman becomes the thief. The fence eats the crop.

Whether it is a man-made catastrophe like the famine that happened in China or a deluge due to nature’s fury as in recent floods of Chennai, people need a hope to cling to, a hope that will give meaning to their lives. A human life is not a waste; it has a purpose, a meaning and a dignity that extends even beyond the grave. In Chennai’s floods faith in humanity was restored, but still were hiccups heard of local politicians trying to get political mileage out of it.

It is only Christ who can really give unshaken hope to humanity, by his own selfless sacrifice and suffering on the cross and his rising from the dead, which give a meaning to our own sufferings and a hope beyond the grave. A new life, not soiled by selfishness, ambitions, pride and arrogance of human beings, but tempered by love and care and forgiveness, is the greatest hope for humanity, extended by Christ. Let’s embrace that with both our hands.



[1] Frank Dikotter, “Mao’s Great Famine,” Bloomsbury Publishing, London: 2010

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